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This subject has come up locally, a few games in the past months and I'm curious to hear other's interpret the rules and how they play it.
Being prone in some game systems is an advantageous position, in PF it (mostly) is not. I've had players attempt to use the Acrobatics skill
to stand or move from Prone to circumvent any AoO conditions. Here's some of the rules that can come into play...

Prone -- The character is lying on the ground. A prone
attacker has a –4 penalty on melee attack rolls and cannot
use a ranged weapon (except for a crossbow). A prone
defender gains a +4 bonus to Armor Class against ranged
attacks, but takes a –4 penalty to AC against melee attacks.
Standing up is a move-equivalent action that provokes
an attack of opportunity.

Standing from Prone -- Provokes = YES

Crawling: You can crawl 5 feet as a move action.
Crawling incurs attacks of opportunity from any attackers who threaten you at any point of your crawl.

From Acrobatics -- In addition, you can move through a threatened square
without provoking an attack of opportunity from an
enemy by using Acrobatics. When moving in this way,
you move at half speed. You can move at full speed by
increasing the DC of the check by 10. You cannot use
Acrobatics to move past foes if your speed is reduced due
to carrying a medium or heavy load or wearing medium
or heavy armor. If an ability allows you to move at full
speed under such conditions, you can use Acrobatics to
move past foes. You can use Acrobatics in this way while
prone, but doing so requires a full-round action to move
5 feet, and the DC is increased by 5.

And of course for the Rogue class, things can be a little different:

Rogue Crawl (Ex): While prone, a rogue with this ability can move at half speed.
This movement provokes attacks of opportunity as normal.
A rogue with this talent can take a 5-foot step while crawling.

I think the Moving/Crawling away is pretty clear.
Should you be allowed (as a non-rogue class) to use Acrobatics as a trained skill, to stand up from Prone without provoking?

i think YES, but the check is the CMD + 5 or 10 and i more leaning towards 10 to show that you are prone and stationary, without movement its hard to flick up. think ninja movies and karate kid you see some guy lying on the floor just flipps up of the ground.

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